fish

Fish is a member of the vertebrate poikilotermik (cold blooded) [1] that live in water and breathe with gills. Fish is the most diverse vertebrate species of more than 27.000 worldwide. In taxonomy, fish belong to a paraphyletic group kekerabatannya relationship is still debated; usually fish without jaws were divided into fish (class Agnatha, 75 species including lampreys and fish Hags), cartilaginous fish (class Chondrichthyes, 800 species including sharks and rays), and the rest classified as hard bony fish (class Osteichthyes). Fish in various regional languages is called Iwak (jv, Bjn), jukut (vkt). Fish has a variety of sizes, ranging from whale sharks measuring 14 meters (45 ft) to stout infantfish that only 7 mm (about 1 / 4 inch). There are some aquatic animals that are often regarded as the "fish", such as whales, fish, squid and dugongs, which are not classified as fish. Table of contents [Hide]

    * 1 Classification
    * 2 Fish Ecology
    * 3 Footnotes
    * 4 See also
Classification Fish is parafiletik group: this means, every class that contains all the fish will also include non-fish tetrapod. On this basis, groupings such as the Class Pisces, as in the past, no longer fit for use. These are units that include all vertebrate fish commonly known as:

    *
          o
                + Subclass Pteraspidomorphi (not berahang primitive fish)
          o Class Thelodonti
          o Class Anaspida
          o (no status) Cephalaspidomorphi (not berahang primitive fish)
                + (No status) Hyperoartia
                      # Petromyzontidae (lampreys)
          o Class Galeaspida
          o Class Pituriaspida
          o Class Osteostraci
    * Infrafilum Gnathostomata (vertebrates berahang)
          o Class Placodermi (armored fishes, extinct)
          o Class Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish: sharks, rays)
          o Class Acanthodii (spiny sharks, extinct)
    * Superclass Osteichthyes (bony fish true: cover nearly all important fish present)
          o Class Actinopterygii (fan-finned fishes)
          o Class Sarcopterygii (fleshy fins of fish / lobe finned fish)
                + Subclass Coelacanthimorpha (coelacanth)
                + Subclass Dipnoi (lung fishes)
Fish Ecology Fish can be found in almost all the "puddle" of water that are large both freshwater, brackish water or salt water at varying depths, from near surface to several thousand meters below the surface. However, hyper-saline lakes like the Great Salt Lake do not support fish. There are several species of fish cultivated for maintained to be exhibited in the aquarium. Fish are an important food source. Other aquatic animals, such as molluscs and crustaceans also sometimes regarded as a fish when used as a food source. Catch fish for food in small quantities or sports are often referred to as fishing. Results of fishing the world each year approximately 100 million tons. Overfishing is a term in English to explain the overfishing. This phenomenon is a threat to various species of fish. On May 15, 2003, the journal Nature reported that all species of large marine fish have been caught over the systematic until the number is less than 10% of existing total in 1950. The author article in the journal suggests a drastic reduction in fishing and marine habitat reservations worldwide. Footnotes

   1. ^ Some tuna species to maintain body temperature, so it can not always be considered poikilotermik. Giant white sharks (Great White Shark) is the only fish that really endothermic (warm blooded).

 vertebrate poikilotermik Vertebrates are subfilum of Chordata, include all animals that have a backbone composed of vertebrae. Vertebrata is the largest subfilum of Chordata. Vertebrates can be incorporated into all kinds of fish (except the ghostly, eel Jeung, "marine leech," or Hagfish), amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Except for the types of fish, vertebrates known to possess two pairs of legs. Vertebrates have a lot of the muscular system consists of paired masses, as well as central nervous system which is usually located in the spine. System respiration using gills or lungs. Table of contents [Hide]

    * 1 Classification
    * 2 External links
    * 3 Footnotes
    * 4 See also
[Edit] Classification Classification according to Janvier (1981, 1997), Shu et al. (2003), and Benton (2004). [1] Note that in it does not include ghostly, a type of sea fish but has no true vertebrae, so that not all fish are vertebrates. Signs "†" means "already extinct".

    * Subfilum Vertebrata
          o (no status) Hyperoartia (lampreys, including vertebrates not berahang)
          o Class † Conodonta
                + Subclass Pteraspidomorphi †
          o Class Thelodonti †
          o Class Anaspida †
          o Class Galeaspida †
          o Class Pituriaspida †
          o Class Osteostraci †
          o Infrafilum Gnathostomata (vertebrates berahang)

                * Class Placodermi (shield-headed fish from the Paleozoik) †
                * Class Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish: sharks and rays)
                * Class Acanthodii (spiny sharks from the Paleozoik) †

            * Superclass Osteichthyes (bony fish true: cover nearly all important fish known to man)

                * Class Actinopterygii (fan-finned fishes)
                * Class Sarcopterygii (lobe finned fish / fin fleshy)

                    * Subclass Coelacanthimorpha (coelacanth)
                    * Subclass Dipnoi (lung fishes)
                    * Subclass Tetrapodomorpha (ancestor of all tetrapods)

            * Superclass tetrapods (vertebrates bertungkai four)

                    * Class Amphibians

                * Series amniotic (animal beramnion)

                    * Class Sauropsida (reptiles and birds)

                        * Class Aves (birds)

                    * Class Synapsida (reptile-like mammal)

                        * Class Mammalia (mammals)
External links

    * Tree of Life
    * Vertebrate Zoology

 Footnotes ^ Benton, Michael J. (1 November 2004). Vertebrate Palaeontology (Third Edition ed.) Blackwell Publishing. pp. 455 pp .. ISBN 0632056371/978-0632056378. http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/benton/vertclass.html.

Klasifikasi ilmiah
kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes Upaordo: Anabantoidei Family: Helostomatidae Genus: Helostoma Species: H. temminckii
Helostoma temminckii Cuvier, 1829

Fish tambakan (Helostoma temminckii) is one type of freshwater fish from tropical areas, specifically South-East Asia. These fish were originally came from Thailand to Indonesia [1] before being introduced to the world. This fish is also known by the name of the carp olfactory his habit of "kissing" when taking food from the surface of solid objects as well as a duel between fellow males. In Indonesia itself, this fish has many names like Bawan, biawan, until fish samarinda. [2] Table of contents
[Hide]

    * 1 Anatomy and morphology
    * 2 Habitat
    * 3 Behavior
          o 3.1 Food
          o 3.2 Reproduction
          o 3.3 Habit "Kissing"
    * 4 Benefits to humans
    * 5 References
Anatomy and morphology
Tambakan Fish have vertical flat-shaped body. Dorsal and fins analnya has a shape and size that is almost similar. Its own tail fin-shaped nearly round or convex leading to the outside, while his chest, amounting to a pair of fins are also shaped nearly round. On both sides there are lateral line, the pattern of thin lines that originated from the base of gill slit to base of tail fin. Approximately there are about 43-48 lateral line scales that make them. [3] The Fish tambakan known to grow to a size of 30 centimeters. [1]
One characteristic of fish tambakan is stretching his mouth. Characteristics that protrude into the front of his mouth to help him get food like moss from its place embedded. Her lips were covered by some sort of horned teeth, but teeth are not found in other parts of the mouth such as pharynx, premaksila, dentary, and palate. Fish also has a filter tambakan gills (gill meeting) that help filter out particles of food that go along with the water. [3]
There are two types of fish tambakan based on color, but they are still included within the same species: fish and fish tambakan tambakan green or pale pink. Later, there are also types of fish tambakan smaller than most tambakan fish and almost round in shape like a balloon. Genetic variation is the fish commonly known by the name "dwarf gourami kisser" or "pink balloon". [4] Habitat
Tambakan fish is a freshwater fish that are bentopelagik (live in between the surface and the region in the waters). Original region is the region where he lived mostly tropical waters are shallow, quiet-flowing, and there are many water plants. [1] Initially tambakan fish found only in freshwater waters of Southeast Asia, but later they spread throughout the warm temperate regions as an animal introduction. [4] Behavior Food
Tambakan fish are omnivorous fish that will eat almost any kind of food. The food is varied, ranging from algae, water plants, zooplankton, to the aquatic insects. Her lips are equipped with small teeth help him to take food from the surface of solid objects such as stones. [1] also has a filter tambakan Fish gills (gill meeting) to help filter out plankton from the water particles. When being pulled food stuck on the surface of solid objects using his mouth was, this fish to humans looks as if she were "kissing" the object. [4] Reproduction
Fish tambakan including an easy fish to breed. In the wild, in less than 15 months, minimum population they can grow up to twice the initial population. Tambakan own fish reproduction occurs when the period of his wedding season has arrived. [4] In Thailand for example, fish breeding season tambakan occurred between May to October.
Marriage between two different fish tambakan sexes occurs under a floating aquatic plants. Fish tambakan next female will release her eggs, which then float among water plants. Unlike other members of the suborder Anabantoidei, tambakan fish do not make a nest and keep the children so that children tambakan newly hatched fish has to be independent. A day after the first released into the water, the eggs will hatch and after about two days, kids fish can swim freely tambakan. [4] Habit "Kissing"
Fish tambakan also dubbed as the "kisser gourami" for his habit of wearing his lips to "kiss" other objects as well as other tambakan fish. Actually fish bena tambakan not really kiss. While we were kissing solid objects such as rocks, this fish is actually being undermined food stuck on the surface of solid objects. Tambakan male fish's mouth is also clashing with one another to assert supremacy over other males while keeping his domain. Behavior contest these lips never fatal, but in the catch, fish tambakan continuous male loses lip after fighting a duel to death due to stress. [5] Benefits to humans
Fish has long tambakan bring benefits to mankind. In its original territory in Southeast Asia, this fish is cultivated for its meat. Fish tambakan also commonly provoked in the wild. Later, fish tambakan become one of the freshwater ornamental fish commodities due to the unique shape and behavior. [1] As a result of its popularity as an ornamental fish, a large number of fish are still small tambakan exported to other countries such as Japan, Europe, America north, and Australia. [1] Reference

   1. ^ Abcdef Helostoma temminkii, Kissing gourami
   2. ^ Common Names List - Helostoma temminckii FishBase.
   3. ^ A b "Helostomatidae" FishBase.
   4. ^ A b c d e Kissing Gourami Aquatic Community.
   5. ^ Axelrod, Herbert R. 1996. "Exotic Tropical Fishes." T.F.H. Publications.
Retrieved from "http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikan_tambakan"
Category: Freshwater Fish

Madidihang atau tuna sirip kuning (Thunnus albacares) adalah sejenis ikan pelagis besar yang mengembara di lautan tropika dan ugahari di seluruh dunia. Ikan ini merupakan salah satu jenis tuna yang terbesar, meski masih kalah besar jika dibandingkan dengan tuna sirip biru dan tuna mata belo. Madidihang juga merupakan ikan tangkapan samudra yang penting karena bernilai ekonomi tinggi. Dalam perdagangan dunia, ikan ini dikenal sebagai yellowfin tuna (Ingg.) dan juga albacore (Pr. dan Sp.).

Pengenalan

Madidihang dewasa memiliki tubuh yang berukuran besar, dengan panjang dari ujung moncong hingga ujung percabangan sirip ekor (FL, fork length) mencapai 195 cm; namun umumnya hingga 150 cm. Bentuknya gilig panjang serupa torpedo (fusiform), agak memipih dari sisi ke sisi.^[1]

Sirip punggung (dorsal) terdiri dari dua berkas, terpisah oleh celah yang kecil saja; berkas yang kedua segera diikuti oleh 8–10 sirip-sirip tambahan berukuran kecil (finlet). Sirip anal diikuti oleh 7–10 finlet. Pada spesimen berukuran besar, sirip punggung kedua dan sirip anal ini kadang-kadang memanjang hingga 20% FL. Sirip dada (pectoral) lumayan panjang (22–31% FL), biasanya mencapai pangkal bagian depan sirip dorsal kedua, namun tidak melewati pangkal bagian belakangnya. Ada dua lipatan kulit (tonjolan interpelvis) di antara sirip-sirip perut. Batang ekor amat ramping, dengan sebuah lunas samping yang kuat di tiap-tiap sisi, yang masing-masing diapit oleh dua lunas yang lebih kecil.^[1] Sirip ekor bercabang kuat (forked, bercagak).
Punggungnya berwarna biru gelap metalik, berangsur-angsur berubah menjadi kekuningan atau keperakan di bagian perut. Sirip-sirip punggung kedua dan anal, serta finlet-finlet yang mengikutinya, berwarna kuning cerah, yang menjadi asal namanya. Bagian perut kadang-kadang dihiasi oleh sekitar 20 garis putus-putus yang hampir vertikal arahnya.^[1]
Madidihang dapat mencapai berat melebihi 300 pon (136 kg), walau demikian ini masih jauh di bawah tuna sirip biru (Thunnus orientalis) yang bisa memiliki berat lebih dari 1000 pon (454 kg), dan juga sedikit di bawah tuna mata belo (Thunnus obesus) dan tatihu (Thunnus maccoyii). Ukuran madidihang yang tercatat dalam literatur adalah hingga sepanjang 239 cm dan seberat 200 kg.

Habitat

Segerombolan madidihang di laut dalam

Madidihang merupakan ikan epipelagis yang menghuni lapisan atas perairan samudra di atas lapisan termoklin. Penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa meski madidihang kebanyakan mengarungi lapisan kolom air 100 m teratas, dan relatif jarang menembus lapisan termoklin, namun ikan ini mampu menyelam jauh ke kedalaman laut. Seekor madidihang yang diteliti di Samudra Hindia menghabiskan 85% waktunya di kedalaman kurang dari 75 m, namun tercatat tiga kali menyelam hingga kedalaman 578 m, 982 m dan yang paling ekstrim hingga 1.160 m.
Tuna sirip kuning ini mempunyai kebiasaan berenang cepat dan bergerombol bersama ikan yang seukuran, kadang-kadang juga bercampur dengan tuna jenis lainnya. Musim berbiaknya berlangsung selama musim panas. Ikan-ikan ini memangsa aneka jenis ikan, krustasea, dan juga cephalopoda.^[1] Di laut Halmahera dan Sulawesi, madidihang terutama memangsa ikan (malalugis dan teri), udang dan kepiting; dengan ikan malalugis (ikan layang) menempati porsi terbesar^[2].

Penyebaran dan produksi

Madidihang dimuat ke truk berpendingin di Palabuhanratu, Sukabumi

Madidihang ditemukan di seluruh perairan tropis dan ugahari dunia di antara garis lintang 40° LU dan 40° LS. Ikan ini merupakan komoditas nelayan yang penting; buku FAO Yearbook of Fishery Statistics melaporkan antara 1990 hingga 1995 tangkapan madidihang di perairan Pasifik barat-tengah berkisar antara 323.537 sampai 346.942 ton per tahun.^[1]
Indonesia adalah tempat bertemunya stok madidihang dari Samudra Hindia dan Samudra Pasifik; kemungkinan tempat pertemuan kedua kelompok itu adalah di sekitar Laut Flores dan Laut Banda.^[3] Potensi tuna sirip kuning yang terbesar di Indonesia memang diperkirakan berada di Laut Flores dan Selat Makassar, dengan luas area penangkapan sekitar 605 ribu km². Alat tangkap yang banyak digunakan adalah pancing huhate (pole and line), pancing ulur (hand line), pancing rawai (long line) dan pukat cincin (purse seine).

Para pemancing berpose dengan ikan tangkapannya; beberapa di antaranya memperoleh madidihang.

Madidihang dipasarkan dalam bentuk ikan segar, tuna beku, atau dikalengkan^[1]. Ikan ini digemari dalam berbagai macam masakan, termasuk untuk dipanggang dan dijadikan sashimi. Madidihang juga merupakan tantangan yang menarik bagi penggemar olahraga memancing.

Catatan

Dalam perdagangan, yang disebut sebagai albacore dalam bahasa Inggris adalah jenis tuna yang lain, yakni tuna albakora (Thunnus alalunga). Ikan ini lebih kecil dari madidihang (hingga 120 cm FL), dengan pewarnaan yang mirip kecuali finletnya yang berwarna gelap. Sirip dada memanjang hingga melewati pangkal sirip punggung kedua, biasanya ujungnya mencapai finlet punggung yang kedua.

Rujukan

1. ^ ^{a b c d e f} Carpenter, Kent E. & Volker H. Niem. 2001. FAO Species Identification Guide: The Living Marine Resources of The Western Pacific. Vol. 6 : 3753. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome.
2. ^ Balai Riset Perikanan Laut - Muara Baru. 2005. Riset kelimpahan sumberdaya ikan pelagis besar di laut Halmahera dan laut Sulawesi. (abstrak).
3. ^ Nontji, A. 1987. Laut Nusantara. Penerbit Djambatan, Jakarta. Hal. 293
4. 
   

   [sembunyikan] l • b • s Kelompok-kelompok sumberdaya perikanan utama di Indonesia
   Perairan bebas	Pelagis besar Aneka cucut dan pari  • Setuhuk (jangilus, layaran, todak)  • Tenggiri  • Tuna (albakor, cakalang, madidihang, tatihu, tongkol) Pelagis kecil Bonito  • Japuh  • Kembung  • Layang  • Lemuru  • Makerel  • Selar  • Sarden  • Tembang  • Teri  • Torani Demersal Alu-alu  • Bawal  • Belanak  • Beronang  • Kakap  • Kerapu  • Layur  • Manyung  • Peperek  • Ikan sebelah Biota laut lain Cumi-cumi (cumi-cumi, gurita, sotong)  • Kepiting (kepiting bakau, rajungan)  • Tiram (kerang darah)  • Teripang  • Udang (lobster, udang laut, udang ronggeng) Ikan air tawar Baung  • Belida  • Betok  • Gabus (gabus, kehung, kerandang, toman)  • Lele (lele kampung, limbat)  • Lundu  • Putihan (hampala, kepiat, seluang, semah, tambra, tawes)  • Sepat (sepat rawa, sepat siam)  • Sidat  • selanjutnya...
   Budidaya	Laut Agar-agar  • Bandeng  • Kakap merah  • Kerapu  • Tiram (abalon, kerang hijau, kerang mutiara) Air tawar Belut sawah  • Gurami  • Lele dumbo  • Mas  • Mujair  • Nila  • Patin  • Ikan hias (arwana, cupang, gupi, maskoki, sepat mutiara  • selanjutnya...)
   Kategori:Ikan

    

ikan arapaiman

Arapaima, pirarucu, atau paiche (Arapaima gigas) adalah jenis ikan air tawar terbesar di dunia yang berasal dari perairan daerah tropis Amerika Selatan. Ikan Arapaima dapat tumbuh maksimal sepanjang 3 meter dan berat 200 kilogram. Saat ini sudah sangat jarang terdapat arapaima yang berukuran lebih dari 2 meter karena ikan ini sering ditangkapi untuk dikonsumsi penduduk atau diekspor ke negara lain.

masakan telur ikan

Telur ikan merupakan merupakan makanan yang sangat disukai di berbagai belahan dunia.
Di Iran, misalnya, terdapat banyak sekali menu jenis telur ikan, beberapa diantaranya disebut ashpal atau ashbal, caviar, kuli, kulmeh. Menu tersebut dapat dihidangkan dalam bentuk segar tanpa dimasak untuk segera disantap, atau dimasak terlebih dahulu dengan berbagai cara seperti dipanggang, dibuat kare, dll. Selain untuk dikonsumsi juga digunakan untuk obat-obatan. Telur ikan terbang mengandung karagenan yang juga banyak di terkandung dalam rumput laut. Telur ikan yang besar memiliki potensi memproduksi protein rekombinan dalam jumlah banyak dan, untuk ikan yang hidup pada suhu air rendah seperti ikan salmon (sekitar 10 °C), mereka dapat digunakan untuk memproduksi protein yang tidak stabil pada suhu 37 °C.

Paedocypris

                                                      

Paedocypris
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Kerajaan: Animalia Filum: Chordata Kelas: Actinopterygii Ordo: Cypriniformes Famili: Cyprinidae Upafamili: Danioninae Genus: Paedocypris Kottelat, Britz, Tan & Witte, 2005
Nama binomial
Paedocypris micromegethes Kottelat, Britz, Tan & Witte, 2005 Paedocypris progenetica Kottelat, Britz, Tan & Witte, 2005 Paedocypris nov. spec. "Bukit Bauk"

Paedocypris adalah genus ikan dari suku Cyprinidae (karper dan kerabatnya) yang ditemukan di rawa-rawa gambut di Asia Tenggara. Hanya diketahui dua spesies dalam genus ini, yaitu Paedocypris progenetica dan Paedocypris micromegethes. Namun demikian, pada tahun 2006 ditemukan lagi di Selangor satu jenis yang diduga berbeda dari sebelumnya. Penemuan genus ini dilaporkan dalam majalah ilmiah Proceedings B yang diterbitkan The Royal Society. P. progenetica adalah salah satu ikan terkecil yang hidup di bumi.

ikan clupeidae

Clupeidae adalah famili haring, shad, sarden, hilsa dan menhaden. Famli ini terdiri dari berbagai makanan ikan penting di dunia.

ikan batu

Ikan batu, Synanceia verrucosa, juga disebut sebagai batu karang atau dornorn, adalah ikan karnivora dengan jarum beracun yang tinggal di dasar terumbu karang, berkamuflase sebagai batu. Ikan ini merupakan ikan paling beracun di dunia.^[1][2] Ikan ini memiliki panjang sekitar 30-40 cm.

ikan langka

Paedocypris progenetica adalah sebuah ikan dari genus Paedocypris yang dilaporkan sebagai ikan terkecil di dunia. Ikan jenis ini hidup di daerah rawa-rawa tanah gambut di pulau Sumatra dan Bintan, Indonesia. Pada usia dewasa, Paedocypris progenetica memiliki panjang 7,9 milimeter. Mereka hidup dengan mengunyah plankton di dekat dasar rawa, dan karena ukurannya, tetap bertahan hidup ketika daerah tempat tinggalnya dilanda kekeringan dengan berlindung di genangan air terdangkal di rawa-rawa. Otak Paedocypris progenetica tidak dilindungi oleh tengkorak kepala, dan betinanya hanya mampu menghasilkan beberapa indung telur.
Kehidupan Paedocypris progenetica saat ini terancam akibat dirusaknya habitat mereka oleh tindakan manusia

ikan mandarin

ikan mandarin

Ikan mandarin (Synchiropus splendidus) adalah ikan kecil berwarna cerah yang termasuk dalam familia dragonet, yang terkenal dalam bisnis akuarium air laut. Ikan mandarin berasal dari Samudera Pasifik, berkisar dari Kepulauan Ryukyu hingga Australia.